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Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

"Guy Pierce" redirects here. For the actor, see Guy Pearce.

Ruling council of Jehovah's Witnesses

The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is the ruling council of Jehovah's Witnesses,[1] based in the denomination's Warwick, New York, headquarters.

The body formulates doctrines, oversees the production of written material for publications and conventions, and administers the denomination's worldwide operations.[2][3] Official publications refer to members of the Governing Body as followers of Christ rather than religious leaders.[4]

Its size has varied, from seven (&#;, &#;)[5][6] to eighteen (&#;, &#;)[7] members[8][9]—all of them men.[10] New members of the Governing Body are selected by existing members.[11]

History

Since its incorporation in , the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania has been directed by a president and board of directors.

Until January , the president exercised complete control of doctrines, publications and activities of the Watch Tower Society and the religious denominations with which it was connected&#;the Bible Students and Jehovah's Witnesses.[12][13][14] When the Society's second president, J.

F. Rutherford, encountered opposition from directors in , he dismissed them. In , he overruled the Watch Tower Society's editorial committee when it opposed publication of an article about disputed doctrines regarding the year In , the editorial committee was dissolved.[15][16]

In , The Watchtower described the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society as the "legal governing body" of anointed Jehovah's Witnesses.[17] A year later, in an article opposing the democratic election of congregation elders, the magazine said the appointment of such ones was the duty of "a visible governing body under Jehovah God and his Christ".[18] For several years, the role and specific identity of the governing body remained otherwise undefined.

A organizational handbook stated that "the visible governing body has been closely identified with the board of directors of this corporation."[19]

Referring to events related to their convention, a publication said "the spiritual governing body of Jehovah's witnesses watched the developments [then] the president of the Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society [acted]."[20] The Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses noted that the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania was the organization used to plan the activity of Jehovah's Witnesses and provide them with "spiritual food", then declared: "So really the governing body of Jehovah's Witnesses is the board of directors of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania."[21]

On October 1, , Watch Tower Society vice-president Frederick Franz addressed the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania corporation in Buckingham, Pennsylvania, stating that the legal corporation of the Watch Tower Society was an "agency" or "temporary instrument" used by the Governing Body on behalf of the "faithful and discreet slave".[22] Three weeks later, on October 20, four additional men joined the seven members of the Society's board of directors on what became known as a separate, expanded Governing Body.[23]

The board of directors had until then met only sporadically, usually to discuss the purchase of property or new equipment, leaving decisions about Watch Tower Society literature to the president and vice-president, Nathan Knorr and Fred Franz.[22][24]The Watchtower of December 15, , was the first to unambiguously capitalize the term "Governing Body of Jehovah's witnesses" as the defined group leading the denomination, with a series of articles explaining its role and its relationship with the Watch Tower Society.[2][25]

The focus on the new concept of "theocratic" leadership was accompanied by statements that the structure was not actually new: The Watch Tower declared that "a governing body made its appearance" some time after the formation of Zion's Watch Tower Society in ,[25] though it had not been referred to as such at the time.[12] The article stated that Watch Tower Society president Charles Taze Russell had been a member of the governing body.[25]

The Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses stated that following Rutherford's death in "one of the first things that the governing body decided upon was the inauguration of the Theocratic Ministry School" and added that the "governing body" had published millions of books and Bibles in the previous thirty years.[26] However, Raymond Franz, former member of the Governing Body, stated in his expose Crisis of Conscience that the actions of presidents Russell, Rutherford and Knorr in overriding and failing to consult with directors proved the Bible Students and Jehovah's Witnesses had been under a monarchical rule until , leaving no decisions to any "governing body".[27]

In , a "Question From Readers" article in The Watchtower further reinforced the concept of the "Governing Body"; the magazine said the term referred to an agency that administers policy and provides organizational direction, guidance and regulation and was therefore "appropriate, fitting and Scriptural".[25][28] Organizational changes at the highest levels of the Watch Tower Society in significantly increased the powers and authority of the Governing Body.[29] The body has never had a legal corporate existence and operates through the Watch Tower Society and its board of directors.[30]

Reorganization

After its formal establishment in , the Governing Body met regularly but, according to Raymond Franz, only briefly.

Franz claims meetings were sometimes as short as seven minutes,[31] to make decisions about branch appointments and conduct that should be considered disfellowshipping offenses.[32][33] Franz claims that in and again in , the Governing Body debated the extent of the authority it should be given.[34]

The Governing Body voted in December to establish six operating committees to oversee the various administrative requirements of the organization's worldwide activities that formerly had been under the direction of the president.

Each branch overseer was replaced by a branch committee of at least three members.[35] The change, which took effect on January 1, , was described in the Watch Tower Society's history book, Jehovah's Witnesses&#;Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, as "one of the most significant organizational readjustments in the modern-day history of Jehovah's Witnesses".[36]

Headquarters purge

In , dissent arose among members of the Governing Body regarding the significance of in Jehovah's Witnesses' doctrines.

According to former Witnesses James Penton and Heather and Gary Botting, internal dissatisfaction with official doctrines continued to grow, leading to a series of secret investigations and judicial hearings. Consequently, dissenting members were expelled from the Brooklyn headquarters staff in the same year.[37][38][39] Raymond Franz claimed he was forced to resign from the Governing Body, and he was later disfellowshipped from the group.

The Watch Tower Society responded to the dissent with a more severe attitude regarding the treatment of expelled Witnesses.[37][38][40] In his study of the denomination, Penton concluded that since Raymond Franz's expulsion in , the Governing Body displayed an increased level of conservatism, sturdy resistance to changes of policy and doctrines, and an increased tendency to isolate dissidents within the organization by means of disfellowshipping.[41]

Helpers

The April 15, , issue of The Watchtower carried an article entitled Jehovah's Provision, the "Given Ones" which drew a parallel between ancient non-Israelites who had been assigned temple duties (the "Nethinim" and "sons of the servants of Solomon") and Witness elders in positions of responsibility immediately under the oversight of the Governing Body who did not profess to be "anointed".[42]

Both that issue of The Watchtower and the Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses carried the same announcement:

In view of the tremendous increase worldwide, it seems appropriate at this time to provide the Governing Body with some additional assistance.

Therefore it has been decided to invite several helpers, mainly from among the great crowd, to share in the meetings of each of the Governing Body Committees, that is, the Personnel, Publishing, Service, Teaching, and Writing Committees. Thus, the number attending the meetings of each of these committees will be increased to seven or eight.

Under the direction of the Governing Body committee members, these assistants will take part in discussions and will carry out various assignments given them by the committee. This new arrangement goes into effect May 1, For many years now, the number of the remnant of anointed Witnesses has been decreasing, while the number of the great crowd has increased beyond our grandest expectations.[43][44]

Each of the current Governing Body members served as a committee "helper" before being appointed to the Governing Body itself.[45][46][47] The appointment of helpers to the Governing Body committees was described in as "still another refinement".[48]

and beyond

Until , the directors and officers of the Watch Tower Society were members of the Governing Body.

Anthony morris iii jehovah witness Retrieved February 19, The Governing Body is said to provide "spiritual food" for Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide. November 15, All the while they themselves do not have to contend with any of the things people in the real world must deal with.

Since then, members of the ecclesiastical Governing Body have not served as directors of any of the various corporations used by Jehovah's Witnesses, and the Governing Body has delegated such administrative responsibilities to other members of the group.[49]

Committees

The Governing Body functions by means of its six committees, which carry out various administrative functions.[50] Each committee is assisted by "helpers", who do not necessarily profess to be "anointed".

Governing Body meetings are held weekly in closed session.[50] According to Raymond Franz, decisions of the body were required to be unanimous until , after which a two-thirds majority of the full body was required, regardless of the number present.[51][52]

  • The Personnel Committee arranges for volunteers to serve in the organization's headquarters and worldwide branch offices, which are each referred to as Bethel (from a Hebrew term meaning house of God).

    It oversees arrangements for the personal and spiritual assistance of Bethel staff, as well as the selection and invitation of new Bethel members.

  • The Publishing Committee supervises the printing, publishing and shipping of literature, as well as legal matters involved in printing, such as obtaining property for printing facilities.

    It is responsible for overseeing factories, properties, and financial operations of corporations used by Jehovah's Witnesses.

  • The Service Committee supervises the evangelical activity of Jehovah's Witnesses, which includes traveling overseers, pioneers, and the activities of congregation publishers. It oversees communication between the international headquarters, branch offices, and the congregations.

    It examines annual reports of preaching activity from the branches. It is responsible for inviting members to attend the Gilead school, the Bible School for Single Brothers,[53] and the Traveling Overseers' School, and for assigning graduates of these schools to their places of service.[54][55]

  • The Teaching Committee arranges congregation meetings, circuit assemblies, and regional and international conventions as well as various schools for elders, ministerial servants, pioneers and missionaries, such as Gilead school.

    It supervises preparation of material to be used in teaching, and oversees the development of new audio and video programs.

  • The Writing Committee supervises the writing and translation of all material published by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, including scripts for dramas and talk outlines.

    It responds to questions about scriptural, doctrinal, and moral issues, specific problems in the congregations, and the standing of members in congregations.

  • The Coordinator's Committee deals with emergencies, disaster relief and other matters, such as investigations. It comprises the coordinators, or a representative, from each of the other Governing Body committees and a secretary who is also a member of the Governing Body.

    It is responsible for the efficient operation of the other committees.

Representatives

Initially, the Governing Body directly appointed all congregation elders.[56] By , the appointment of elders and ministerial servants was said to be "made directly by a governing body of spirit-anointed elders or by them through other elders representing this body."[57] In , The Watchtower, stated that recommendations for such appointments were submitted to branch offices.[58] As of September , circuit overseers appoint elders and ministerial servants after discussion with congregation elders, without consulting with the branch office.[59]

The Governing Body continues to directly appoint branch office committee members and traveling overseers,[59][60] and only such direct appointees are described as "representatives of the Governing Body".[61][62]

Relationship with "faithful and discreet slave"

Main article: Faithful and discreet slave

The Governing Body is said to provide "spiritual food" for Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide.[63][64][65] Until late , the Governing Body described itself as the representative[50][66] and "spokesman" for God's "faithful and discreet slave class" (Jehovah's Witnesses who profess to be anointed) who are collectively said to be God's "prophet"[67] and "channel for new spiritual light".[68][69] The Governing Body does not consult with the other anointed Witnesses whom it was said to represent when formulating policy and doctrines or approving material for publications and conventions; the authority of the Governing Body was presumed to be analogous to that of the older men of Jerusalem in cases such as the first-century circumcision issue.[70]

The majority of Witnesses who profess to be anointed have no authority to contribute to the development or change of doctrines.[71][72][73] Anointed Witnesses are instructed to remain modest and avoid "wildly speculating about things that are still unclear", instead waiting for God to reveal his purposes[73] in The Watchtower.[74]

In , The Watchtower indicated that the dissemination of "new spiritual light" is the responsibility of only "a limited number" of the "slave class", asking: "Are all these anointed ones throughout the earth part of a global network that is somehow involved in revealing new spiritual truths?

No."[70] In the society said that "deep truths" were discerned by "responsible representatives" of the "faithful and discreet slave class" at the group's headquarters, and then considered by the entire Governing Body before making doctrinal decisions.[75]

In August , the Governing Body stated that "we have no way of knowing the exact number of anointed ones on earth; nor do we need to know", and that it "does not maintain a global network of anointed ones".[76] At the Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the "faithful and discreet slave" was redefined as referring to the Governing Body only and the terms are now synonymous.[77]

Governing Body members

Current

The following people are members of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses[78] (year of appointment in parentheses):

List of members

Prior to , various Watch Tower Society directors were informally identified as members of the "governing body".

Watch Tower publications began capitalizing Governing Body as a proper noun in ; The Watchtower announced that the "present Governing Body comprises eleven anointed witnesses of Jehovah" the same year.[89][90] All members served until their deaths unless specified.

Name (Died) Tenure began Tenure ended Length of tenure Source(s)
Thomas James Sullivan[a] () 1 October [89]30 July 2&#;years, &#;days [91][92][93][94]
John Otto Groh[b] () 23 January 3&#;years, &#;days [95][91]
Nathan Homer Knorr[c] () 8 June 5&#;years, &#;days [96][97]
Grant Suiter[d] () 22 November 12&#;years, 52&#;days [98][99]
Frederick William Franz[e] () 22 December 21&#;years, 82&#;days [][][]
Lyman Alexander Swingle[f] () 14 March 29&#;years, &#;days [][]
Milton George Henschel[g] () 22 March 31&#;years, &#;days [91][]
Raymond Victor Franz () 20 October []22 May [h]8&#;years, &#;days [39][91][][][]
William Kirk Jackson[i] () 13 December 10&#;years, 54&#;days [][91]
Leo Kincaid Greenlees (?) –[j]c.

13–14 years

[][]
George Demetrius Gangas () 28 July 22&#;years, &#;days []
Charles John Fekel () c. 28 November [k][]24 April c.

2&#;years, &#;days

[]
Ewart Charles Chitty (?) [l]c. 4–5 years []
John Charles Booth () 8 January c. 21&#;years, 41&#;days []
William Lloyd Barry () 2 July c.

24&#;years, &#;days

[]
Karl Frederick Klein () 3 January c. 26&#;years, 36&#;days [][]
Albert Darger Schroeder () 8 March c. 31&#;years, &#;days []
Daniel Sydlik () 18 April c.

31&#;years, &#;days

[]
Theodore Jaracz () 9 June c. 35&#;years, &#;days [][]
Martin Pötzinger () c. 7 September [m]16 June c. 10&#;years, &#;days []
Carey Walter Barber () 8 April c.

29&#;years, &#;days

[]
John Edwin Barr[n] () 4 December c. 33&#;years, 88&#;days []
Gerrit Lösch1 July Incumbent30&#;years, &#;days [87]
Guy Hollis Pierce () c.

2 October [o][83]

18 March c. 14&#;years, &#;days [6][]
David Howard SplaneIncumbentc. 25&#;years, &#;days
Mark Stephen Lett
Samuel Frederick Herd
Anthony Morris III1 September [85]c.

22 February [p]

c. 17&#;years, &#;days []
Geoffrey William JacksonIncumbent19&#;years, &#;days
Douglas Mark Sanderson1 September 12&#;years, &#;days [88]
Kenneth Eugene Cook, Jr.c.

24 January [q]

c. 6&#;years, &#;days [79]
Gage Fleeglec. 18 January [r][82]c. 1&#;year, &#;days
Jeffrey Winder
Jody Jedelec.

5 October [s][86]

c. &#;days
Jacob Rumph
  1. ^Director –
  2. ^Director –fl.
  3. ^Director –, vice-president /–, president –
  4. ^Director –, secretary–treasurer –
  5. ^Director –, vice-president –, president –
  6. ^Director –, secretary-treasurer /–
  7. ^Director –, vice-president&#;?–, president –
  8. ^Resigned, disfellowshipped in
  9. ^Director –?.
  10. ^Resigned.
  11. ^Announced 28 November
  12. ^Resigned.
  13. ^Announced 7 September Appointed to succeed Fekel, Knorr and Groh.[]
  14. ^Director fl.
  15. ^Announced 2 October
  16. ^Announced 22 February Left the Governing Body in unclear circumstances.
  17. ^Announced 24 January
  18. ^Announced 18 January
  19. ^Announced 5 October

Timeline

Timeline of Governing Body members since the Body's establishment in October Resignation dates for Greenlees and Chitty are approximate with high uncertainty.

References are in the table above.

&#;&#;Died in office

&#;&#;Tenure ended while still alive

&#;&#;Incumbent

See also

References

  1. ^Penton, M. James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  2. ^ ab"Questions From Readers". The Watchtower. November 15, p.&#;
  3. ^"Our active leader today", The Watchtower, September 15, , page 27, "They recognize, however, that Christ is using a small group of anointed Christian men as a Governing Body to lead and direct his disciples on earth."
  4. ^"Bearing Thorough Witness" About God's Kingdom.

    Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. p.&#;

  5. ^As of September , twelve members listed (See '"New Members of the Governing Body". The Watchtower. March 15, p.&#;)
    Schroeder died March 8, (See "His Delight Was in the Law of Jehovah". The Watchtower. September 15, p.&#;)
    Sydlik died April 18, (See "A Man Who Loved Life and People".

    The Watchtower. January 1, p.&#;8.)
    Barber died April 8, (See "Rejoicing Over "Victory With the Lamb"".

  6. What happened to anthony morris iii
  7. Is anthony morris still at bethel
  8. Anthony morris iii net worth
  9. Anthony morris iii wikipedia

    10. The Watchtower. October 15, p.&#;)
    Jaracz died June 9, (See "Rejoicing Over "Victory With the Lamb"". The Watchtower. October 15, p.&#;)
    Barr died December 4, (See ""A Wonderful Overseer and a Dear Friend"". The Watchtower. May 15, p.&#;6.)
    Mark Sanderson appointed in September "A New Member of the Governing Body".

    The Watchtower. July 15, p.&#;

  10. ^ ab"Guy H. Pierce, Member of the Governing Body, Dies at 79". Official website of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. March 20,
  11. ^Penton, M. James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses.

    University of Toronto Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  12. ^Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (). Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. pp.&#;4, 6.
  13. ^Botting, Heather & Gary (). The Orwellian World of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.
  14. ^Knox, Zoe ().

    Jehovah's Witnesses and the Secular World: From the s to the Present. Springer. p.&#;6. ISBN&#;.

  15. ^Franz, Raymond ().

    Anthony morris iii governing body: Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously. May 12, at AM. Since its incorporation in , the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania has been directed by a president and board of directors. Riemer, T.

    In Search of Christian Freedom. Commentary Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  16. ^ abFranz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Franz, Raymond (). In Search of Christian Freedom. Commentary Press. pp.&#;, footnote.

    ISBN&#;.

  18. ^Penton, M. James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. pp.&#;–, ISBN&#;.
  19. ^Franz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#;61– ISBN&#;.
  20. ^Penton, M.

    James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  21. ^"Kingdom Sign of the Servants". The Watchtower. Watch Tower Society. July 15, p.&#;
  22. ^"Theocratic Organization in Action". The Watchtower. November 1, p.&#;
  23. ^Qualified to be Ministers.

    Watch Tower Society. p.&#; cited by Raymond Franz, Crisis of Conscience, page 74

  24. ^"Divine Will International Assembly of Jehovah's Witnesses". The Watchtower. February 15, p.&#;
  25. ^Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watch Tower Society.

  26. Anthony morris iii governing body
  27. Anthony Morris III Biography : r/exjw - Reddit

  28. p.&#;

  29. ^ abFranz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.
  30. ^Franz, Raymond. Crisis of Conscience. p.&#;31, The seven directors at October 20 were Nathan Knorr, Fred Franz, Grant Suiter, Thomas Sullivan, Milton Henschel, Lyman Swingle and John Groh.

    The additional four to form the Governing Body were William Jackson, Leo Greenlees, George Gangas and Raymond Franz.

  31. ^Testimony by Fred Franz, Lord Strachan vs. Douglas Walsh Transcript, Lord Strachan vs. Douglas Walsh, , as cited by Raymond Franz, Crisis of Conscience, , page
  32. ^ abcd"Theocratic Organization with Which to Move Forward Now;A Governing Body as Different from a Legal Corporation".

    The Watchtower. December 15, pp.&#;–

  33. ^Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. pp.&#;–
  34. ^Franz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  35. ^"Questions From Readers". The Watchtower: November 15,
  36. ^Franz, Raymond ().

    Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#;44– ISBN&#;.

  37. ^Penton, M. James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  38. ^Franz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  39. ^Franz, Raymond ().

    Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.

  40. ^Penton, M. James ().

    Anthony morris iii sons and wives January 15, Search for:. Died in office. Incognita says:.

    Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  41. ^Franz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#;81– ISBN&#;.
  42. ^Franz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#;80– ISBN&#;.
  43. ^Jehovah's Witnesses&#;Proclaimers of God's Kingdom.

    Watch Tower Society. pp.&#;–

  44. ^ abPenton, M. James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  45. ^ abBotting, Heather & Gary ().

    The Orwellian World of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  46. ^ abOstling, Richard H. & Constable, Anne (February 22, ). "Witness Under Prosecution". Time.
  47. ^Franz, Raymond (). "". Crisis of Conscience.

    Commentary Press.

  48. ^Penton, M. James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press.

    Anthony morris iii biography Graduated from the 41st class of the Watchtower Bible School of Gilead. Initially, the Governing Body directly appointed all congregation elders. Skip to content. Watch Tower publications began capitalizing Governing Body as a proper noun in ; The Watchtower announced that the "present Governing Body comprises eleven anointed witnesses of Jehovah" the same year.

    pp.&#;, –, ISBN&#;.

  49. ^"Jehovah's Provision, the "Given Ones"". The Watchtower. April 15, pp.&#;16–
  50. ^"Announcement". The Watchtower. April 15, p.&#;
  51. ^ Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses.

    Anthony morris iii liquor store Initially, the Governing Body directly appointed all congregation elders. Nickname Tony Morris. When Is it Scriptural to Apply it as a Principle? Phil McNeish says:.

    Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. pp.&#;–

  52. ^"Governing Body Addition". The Watchtower. November 1, p.&#;
  53. ^"New Members of the Governing Body". The Watchtower. January 1, p.&#;
  54. ^"New Members of the Governing Body". The Watchtower. January 1, p.&#;
  55. ^"Walking in the Path of Increasing Light".

    The Watchtower. February 15, p.&#;

  56. ^"How the Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation". The Watchtower. January 15, p.&#;
  57. ^ abc"How the Governing Body Is Organized". The Watchtower. May 15, p.&#;
  58. ^Penton, M.

    James (). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  59. ^Franz, Raymond (). Crisis of Conscience. Commentary Press. pp.&#;85, ISBN&#;.
  60. ^"A History-Making Meeting". The Watchtower. August 15, p.&#;
  61. ^ Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses.

    pp.&#;13–

  62. ^"Theocratic Schools-Evidence of Jehovah's Love". The Watchtower. September 15, pp.&#;13–
  63. ^"A "Body of Elders" with Rotating Chairmanship". The Watchtower. November 15, p.&#;,
  64. ^"Hope Based on the Unfolding Purpose of God". The Watchtower.

    February 1, p.&#;

  65. ^"Overseers and Ministerial Servants Theocratically Appointed". The Watchtower. January 15, p.&#;
  66. ^ ab"Questions From Readers". The Watchtower. November 15, pp.&#;28–
  67. ^"Overseers and Ministerial Servants Theocratically Appointed".

    The Watchtower. January 15, p.&#;

  68. ^"Keep Holding Men of That Sort Dear". The Watchtower. October 1, pp.&#;18–
  69. ^"Cooperating With the Governing Body Today". The Watchtower. March 15, pp.&#;19–
  70. ^"The Watchtower and Awake!—Timely Journals of Truth".

    The Watchtower. January 1, p.&#;

  71. ^"Building for an Eternal Future". The Watchtower. January 1, p.&#;
  72. ^Gov. Body as "Faithful & Discreet Slave" is explained in 8 minute clip. " Annual Meeting Program". Official website of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.